Two thoughts that I hadn't posted before.
One is concerned with Peter's mom dying of cancer. Is it possible that Peter's father was the reason she had cancer? He was some sort of alien. Maybe he is radioactive. Perhaps conceiving Peter is what doomed the mother. Egad, but that is dark.
Two is that I was reminded of The Chronicles of Riddick for a few reasons. One being the sojourn to the prison, and the second being the overall feel or style of the film and technology.
Interesting theory. *Mild Spider-Man: Reign comic spoiler *
It has been done in a comic before, in a non-canonical Spiderman comic and Mary-Jane. Spiderman's bodily fluids are said to be radioactive, and that did in Mary-Jane with cancer (Spiderman is old in the comics, Mary Jane has been dead for years).
**end**
However, considering the tone of Guardians, I don't think that's where they'll take it.